Efforts by African countries to revive defunct national airlines appear ready to bear fruit in 2019 in Zambia, Ghana, and Uganda. Some of the latest attempts, however, involve partnerships with the private sector—in contrast to the public model many believe led to earlier flag carriers’ failure. Both Zambia and Ghana have signed a partnerships agreement with Ethiopian Airlines to jointly relaunch national carriers under public-private ownership schemes. Zambian govt investment arm Industrial Development Corporation will own 55% of Zambia’s proposed airline while Ethiopian Airlines controls the rest. Ghana’s national airline, plans for which call for a home base in the capital city Accra, would involve a Ghanaian govt-private sector partnership controlling a 51% stake while Ethiopian holds 49%. <br/>